{
  "path": "/3mdvu6l7x222a",
  "site": "at://did:plc:5qartdsce62n2wfyvtocmoob/site.standard.publication/3mdlag6wb3s2k",
  "tags": [],
  "$type": "site.standard.document",
  "title": "the media problem",
  "content": {
    "$type": "pub.leaflet.content",
    "pages": [
      {
        "id": "019c205f-b97d-711e-bbeb-79d8e0da80d2",
        "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument",
        "blocks": [
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 156,
                    "byteStart": 145
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#italic"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "people are building tiktok clones on atproto now. instagram alternatives. livestreaming platforms. photo-sharing apps. the atmosphere is getting media heavy."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "here's the thing: the whole premise of atproto is that your data lives on your PDS, not the app's servers. your posts, your follows, your images, your videos — all stored in your personal data repository. the app is just an interface."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "this is beautiful in theory. in practice? media is expensive. storage is cheap, bandwidth is not. and \"unlimited storage\" is a subsidy that can't last forever."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 25,
                    "byteStart": 19
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "uri": "https://pollen.place",
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#link"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "i've been building pollen, a tumblr-style app on atproto. last night i added video uploads. let me tell you about the constraints i hit. or should have hit!!!"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 13,
                    "byteStart": 0
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#bold"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "the 10mb wall"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "bluesky's hosted PDS has a ~10MB per blob upload. that's the individual file size cap. sounds reasonable until you realize:"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList",
              "children": [
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "a 30-second 1080p video is easily 50-100MB"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "a high-res photo from a modern phone is 5-15MB"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "a short screen recording can hit 20MB instantly"
                  },
                  "children": []
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 103,
                    "byteStart": 96
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#italic"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "so when someone uploads a video to pollen, i can't just pass it through to their PDS. i have to process it first."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 30,
                    "byteStart": 0
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#bold"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "ffmpeg to the rescue (sort of)"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "here's what pollen does now:"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.code",
              "language": "typescript",
              "plaintext": "export async function processVideo(\n  inputPath: string,\n  maxSizeMB = 10\n): Promise<ProcessVideoResult> {\n  const info = await getVideoInfo(inputPath);\n  // already small enough?\n  const currentSizeMB = info.size / (1024 * 1024);\n  if (currentSizeMB <= maxSizeMB && info.width <= 720) {\n    return { outputPath: inputPath, wasProcessed: false, ... };\n  }\n\n  // calculate target bitrate for desired file size\n  const targetBitrate = calculateTargetBitrate(info.duration, maxSizeMB * 0.9);\n\n  // two-pass x264 encoding, max 720p\n  await runFfmpeg(pass1Args);\n  await runFfmpeg(pass2Args);\n\n  return { outputPath, wasProcessed: true, ... };\n}",
              "syntaxHighlightingTheme": "rose-pine-dawn"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "every video gets:"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList",
              "children": [
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "downscaled to 720p max"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "re-encoded with x264"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "bitrate calculated to fit under 10MB based on duration"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "two-pass encoding for optimal quality at that bitrate"
                  },
                  "children": []
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "it works! but a 60-second video at 720p with a 10MB cap means ~1.3 Mbps bitrate. that's... fine. not great. definitely not \"i'm building the next tiktok\" quality."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "the per-blob limit is annoying but workable. the bigger question is total storage per user."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "right now, bluesky's hosted PDS offers effectively unlimited storage. your repo can grow and grow. this is a subsidy, bluesky is eating the storage costs to bootstrap the network."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "but think about what happens when media-heavy apps take off:"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList",
              "children": [
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [
                      {
                        "index": {
                          "byteEnd": 9,
                          "byteStart": 2
                        },
                        "features": [
                          {
                            "uri": "https://pdsls.dev/blue.flashes.video",
                            "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#link"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    ],
                    "plaintext": "a flashes creator (tiktok-style) posting short videos: 10GB/month easy"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [
                      {
                        "index": {
                          "byteEnd": 7,
                          "byteStart": 2
                        },
                        "features": [
                          {
                            "uri": "https://grain.social/",
                            "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#link"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    ],
                    "plaintext": "a grain photographer sharing galleries: 2-5GB/month"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [
                      {
                        "index": {
                          "byteEnd": 9,
                          "byteStart": 2
                        },
                        "features": [
                          {
                            "uri": "https://pinksea.art/",
                            "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#link"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    ],
                    "plaintext": "a pinksea (classic oekaki / art platform) artist creating daily high-res pieces: 1-2GB/month"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "multiply by millions of users"
                  },
                  "children": []
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "someone's going to pay for that storage. the question is who and how."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 21,
                    "byteStart": 0
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#bold"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "the bandwidth problem"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "and really, storage is actually the easy part. hook it up to s3 or something compatible and you're fine for a long time. bandwidth is where it gets harder."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "when you view a pollen post with an image, here's what happens:"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList",
              "children": [
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "your browser requests the image"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "pollen proxies the request to the author's PDS"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "the PDS serves the blob"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "pollen caches the image aggressively and then passes it through to you"
                  },
                  "children": []
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "now imagine a post goes viral. 100,000 people want to see that image. that's 100,000 requests hitting the author's PDS."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "if you're on bluesky's hosted PDS, bluesky absorbs that. they have CDN infrastructure, caching, the whole deal."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "but the dream of atproto is self-hosted PDSes. what happens when your self-hosted PDS on a $5/month VPS suddenly needs to serve 100,000 image requests?"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 43,
                    "byteStart": 0
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#bold"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "the missing layer: media CDN infrastructure"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 9,
                    "byteStart": 0
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "uri": "https://microcosm.blue",
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#link"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "microcosm has built amazing community infrastructure for atproto:"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList",
              "children": [
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [
                      {
                        "index": {
                          "byteEnd": 9,
                          "byteStart": 0
                        },
                        "features": [
                          {
                            "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#bold"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    ],
                    "plaintext": "slingshot for identity caching"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [
                      {
                        "index": {
                          "byteEnd": 13,
                          "byteStart": 0
                        },
                        "features": [
                          {
                            "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#bold"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    ],
                    "plaintext": "constellation for backlink tracking"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [
                      {
                        "index": {
                          "byteEnd": 9,
                          "byteStart": 0
                        },
                        "features": [
                          {
                            "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#bold"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    ],
                    "plaintext": "spacedust for real-time interactions"
                  },
                  "children": []
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "what we don't have yet: a community CDN layer for media."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "imagine something like:"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList",
              "children": [
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "blob caching at the edge"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "automatic cache population from the firehose"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "bandwidth pooling across indie PDS operators"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "\"media relay\" infrastructure parallel to the existing firehose relays"
                  },
                  "children": []
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "this feels like it needs to exist for the self-hosted PDS dream to work at scale (someone else build it and i'll pay for it pls)"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 8,
                    "byteStart": 0
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#bold"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "futures 🔮"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "i see a few possible directions:"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 32,
                    "byteStart": 0
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#bold"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "1. storage tiers on hosted PDSes"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "bluesky (or other PDS hosts) introduce paid tiers:"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList",
              "children": [
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "free: 5GB total storage"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "$5/month: 50GB"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "$20/month: 500GB"
                  },
                  "children": []
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "this is the boring but realistic answer. it's how email works (gmail gives you 15GB free, then you pay). it's how most cloud storage works."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "the nice thing about atproto: you can migrate your PDS. don't like bluesky's pricing? move to a different host. your data comes with you."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 33,
                    "byteStart": 0
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#bold"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "2. self-hosted PDS becomes normal"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 53,
                    "byteStart": 49
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#italic"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "like running your own mastodon instance, but for data instead of a full social app."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 21,
                    "byteStart": 4
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "uri": "https://github.com/bluesky-social/pds",
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#link"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "the official PDS repo already has docker images and setup guides. it's not trivial, but it's doable for technical users."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "the challenge: you need to solve the bandwidth problem yourself. cloudflare in front of your PDS? bunny CDN? this is where most people will give up."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 29,
                    "byteStart": 0
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#bold"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "3. app-specific media hosting"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 52,
                    "byteStart": 43
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#italic"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "apps like pollen could offer to host media on behalf of users, while still maintaining the atproto identity model."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "your posts would still be in your PDS, but the blob refs would point to pollen's CDN instead of your PDS directly. you'd trade some \"true ownership\" for practical scalability."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "this feels like a compromise, but maybe a reasonable one for media-heavy apps and it makes migration much more difficult."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 44,
                    "byteStart": 0
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#bold"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "4. reference counting and garbage collection"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "delete a post? the blob might still be in your repo! orphaned forever. taking up space."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "at some point, PDSes will need tooling to:"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList",
              "children": [
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "identify orphaned blobs"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "let users reclaim space"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "maybe auto-clean after some period"
                  },
                  "children": []
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "this is especially important if storage tiers become a thing."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 24,
                    "byteStart": 0
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#bold"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "what i'm doing in pollen"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "for now, pollen works within the constraints:"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList",
              "children": [
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "aggressive video compression (720p max, calculated bitrate)"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "server-side ffmpeg processing before PDS upload"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "rejecting uploads over 100MB even before processing"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "aggressive cache headers on an image proxy serving media from pollen"
                  },
                  "children": []
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 70,
                    "byteStart": 65
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#italic"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "it's not perfect. video quality is acceptable, not great. but it works, and users actually own their content."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 100,
                    "byteStart": 95
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#italic"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "the architecture means i don't need massive storage infrastructure. each user's media lives on their PDS. pollen is just the interface layer plus a read cache."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "if pollen somehow goes viral, i don't need 10x the storage, the users' PDSes absorb it. that's the magic of the model! and maybe the downfall idk."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 19,
                    "byteStart": 0
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#bold"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "the optimistic take"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 49,
                    "byteStart": 43
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#italic"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "i think this is solvable. the architecture allows for solutions:"
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList",
              "children": [
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "CDN layers can be added without changing the protocol (and i bet some PDS hosts are already doing this)"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "storage tiers can be introduced by PDS hosts"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "community infrastructure can emerge (it already is with microcosm)"
                  },
                  "children": []
                },
                {
                  "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.unorderedList#listItem",
                  "content": {
                    "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
                    "facets": [],
                    "plaintext": "apps can get creative with compression and caching"
                  },
                  "children": []
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "the question is whether we'll build this infrastructure before the \"unlimited storage\" subsidy runs out."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "or maybe the answer is simpler: cheap storage + smart caching + users pay for premium. that's worked for basically every other cloud service."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [],
              "plaintext": "either way, i'm going to keep building pollen and hitting these constraints. every workaround teaches me something about what the protocol actually needs."
            }
          },
          {
            "$type": "pub.leaflet.pages.linearDocument#block",
            "block": {
              "$type": "pub.leaflet.blocks.text",
              "facets": [
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 116,
                    "byteStart": 109
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "uri": "https://bsky.app/profile/keithkurson.bsky.social",
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#link"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "index": {
                    "byteEnd": 136,
                    "byteStart": 130
                  },
                  "features": [
                    {
                      "uri": "https://pollen.place",
                      "$type": "pub.leaflet.richtext.facet#link"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "plaintext": "if you're building media-heavy apps on atproto, i'd love to hear what constraints you're hitting. find me on bluesky or check out pollen."
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "bskyPostRef": {
    "cid": "bafyreiglt6t3l5wgchsitu5suzrc2gjs4adkazkevxji3r7yyli4moh62i",
    "uri": "at://did:plc:5qartdsce62n2wfyvtocmoob/app.bsky.feed.post/3mdvu6pjt5k2a",
    "commit": {
      "cid": "bafyreidf2aq7ggdsiwvfrfhq2oitc42o4dbbjz7fffxc4izbed5j5yzruy",
      "rev": "3mdvu6pm42j2x"
    },
    "validationStatus": "valid"
  },
  "description": "right now you can upload blobs to the PDS with no limitations. that'll have to change some day",
  "publishedAt": "2026-02-02T22:06:29.798Z"
}