{
  "$type": "site.standard.document",
  "bskyPostRef": {
    "cid": "bafyreih6v4ojmy5kn3ohbrdsviwieeco53whyguwdeantn6xj63uqf5ms4",
    "uri": "at://did:plc:25rdn5elo5izoxrmtis34zuk/app.bsky.feed.post/3mpareozquuz2"
  },
  "coverImage": {
    "$type": "blob",
    "ref": {
      "$link": "bafkreifrckbkse4z3oxo4w6vkusjykgos4o2pr3rfaqqvafl7ryotdowx4"
    },
    "mimeType": "image/webp",
    "size": 53378
  },
  "path": "/yunasong/linux-basics-essential-file-system-commands-27dh",
  "publishedAt": "2026-06-27T05:02:13.000Z",
  "site": "https://dev.to",
  "tags": [
    "linux"
  ],
  "textContent": "##  1. `cd` — Change Directory\n\nChanges the current working directory.\n\n###  Syntax\n\n\n    cd <path>\n\n\n###  Common Usage\n\n\n    cd /              # Go to the root directory\n    cd ~              # Go to the current user's home directory\n    cd ..             # Move up one directory\n    cd -              # Return to the previous directory\n    cd ./Documents    # Relative path\n    cd /var/log       # Absolute path\n\n\n###  Path Types\n\n  * **Absolute path** : Starts with `/` and specifies the full path from the root directory.\n  * **Relative path** : Starts from the current directory (e.g. `./`, `../`, or a directory name).\n\n\n\n###  Tips\n\n  * Press **Tab** for auto-completion.\n  * Use quotes for directory names containing spaces.\n\n\n\n\n    cd \"My Folder\"\n\n\n##  2. `ls` — List Files and Directories\n\nDisplays the contents of a directory.\n\n###  Syntax\n\n\n    ls [options] [path]\n\n\n###  Common Options\n\n\n    ls          # List files\n    ls -l       # Long format\n    ls -a       # Include hidden files\n    ls -la      # Long format + hidden files\n    ls -lh      # Human-readable file sizes\n    ls -t       # Sort by modification time\n    ls -S       # Sort by file size\n    ls -r       # Reverse sort order\n    ls -R       # Recursive listing\n    ls -d */    # Show directories only\n\n\n###  Useful Combinations\n\n\n    ls -altr    # Hidden files, long format, time sort, reverse order\n    ls -alF     # Append indicators (/, *, etc.)\n    ls -lthr    # Human-readable, time sort, newest at the bottom\n\n\n##  3. `pwd` — Print Working Directory\n\nDisplays the absolute path of the current directory.\n\n###  Syntax\n\n\n    pwd\n\n\n###  Options\n\n\n    pwd -L      # Logical path (default)\n    pwd -P      # Physical path (resolve symbolic links)\n\n\nExample:\n\n\n\n    /home/user/workspace\n\n\n##  4. `mkdir` — Make Directory\n\nCreates one or more directories.\n\n###  Syntax\n\n\n    mkdir [options] <directory>\n\n\n###  Common Usage\n\n\n    mkdir project\n    mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3\n    mkdir -p parent/child/grandchild\n    mkdir -v new_folder\n    mkdir -m 755 secure_folder\n\n\n###  Useful Options\n\n  * `-p` : Create parent directories if needed.\n  * `-v` : Show created directories.\n  * `-m` : Set permissions when creating the directory.\n\n\n\n##  5. `rm` — Remove Files and Directories\n\nDeletes files or directories permanently.\n\n> **Warning:** Deleted files cannot be recovered from the Trash.\n\n###  Syntax\n\n\n    rm [options] <file>\n\n\n###  Common Usage\n\n\n    rm file.txt\n    rm -i file.txt\n    rm -r directory\n    rm -f file.txt\n    rm -rf directory\n\n\n###  Multiple Files & Wildcards\n\n\n    rm file1.txt file2.txt\n    rm *.log\n\n\n###  Important Options\n\n  * `-i` : Ask for confirmation.\n  * `-r` : Remove directories recursively.\n  * `-f` : Force deletion without prompts.\n\n\n\n> **Never run**\n>\n>\n>     sudo rm -rf /\n>\n>\n> This command can destroy the entire operating system.\n\n##  6. `cp` — Copy Files and Directories\n\nCopies files or directories while keeping the original intact.\n\n###  Syntax\n\n\n    cp [options] <source> <destination>\n\n\n###  Common Usage\n\n\n    cp file1.txt file2.txt\n    cp -r dir1 dir2\n    cp file1.txt file2.txt ~/backup/\n    cp -a /etc/config.conf ~/backup/\n\n\n###  Useful Options\n\n  * `-r` / `-R` : Copy directories recursively.\n  * `-a` : Archive mode (preserve attributes, permissions, timestamps, and symbolic links).\n  * `-p` : Preserve file metadata.\n  * `-i` : Confirm before overwriting.\n  * `-f` : Force overwrite.\n\n\n\n##  7. `mv` — Move or Rename Files\n\nMoves files/directories or renames them.\n\n###  Syntax\n\n\n    mv [options] <source> <destination>\n\n\n###  Common Usage\n\n\n    mv file1.txt ~/Documents/\n    mv file1.txt file2.txt\n    mv folder1 ~/backup/\n    mv file1.txt file2.txt ~/backup/\n\n\n###  Useful Options\n\n  * `-i` : Confirm before overwriting.\n  * `-f` : Force overwrite.\n  * `-n` : Never overwrite existing files.\n  * `-v` : Show each move operation.\n\n",
  "title": "Linux Basics: Essential File System Commands"
}